leatherworkers have been traditionally held in contempt since they work with dead animals which are seen as dirty and polluting. during the first world war, however there was a huge demand for shoes for armies. caste prejudice against leather work meant that only the traditional leather workers and shoemakers were ready to supply army shoes. madigas were an important untouchable caste of andhra pradesh who were experts in tanning the hides, stitiching the sandals and greatly skilled in artistic work of making shoes and footwear.